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Access to unregistered medicines in low- and middle-income countries is often limited by complex regulatory frameworks and inconsistent funding.

This research examines how ten countries across Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East enable access, highlighting key barriers, disparities between income groups, and opportunities to improve equitable availability of life-saving treatments.

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Abbreviations: CUP: Compassionate Use Process; LIC: Low-Income country; LMIC: Lower-Middle-Income Country; MIC: Middle-Income Country; NGO: Non-Governmental Organisation; OOP: Out-of-pocket; UMIC: Upper-Middle-Income Country

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